feminaw Portrayal of Men in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay

The Portrayal of Men in The Awakening            When Kate Chopin builds up the male characters in her novel, The Awakening, she depicts men in a truly questionable light. Generally, her men are possessive, fearful and self-serving. She appears to be a fool unjustifiable and one-sided in her depiction of men, yet this view is fundamental for Chopin to express what is on her mind. She utilizes the characters of Mr. Pontellier, Robert, Alcee and a couple of other men to show her perceptions of the working class man in the general public of her day. Right off the bat, Mr. Pontellier speaks to Kate Chopin's assumption that in the public arena men typify ladies. A spouse is a man's property, he takes a gander at his better half as one glances at an important bit of property which has endured some damage(44) and his ownership, he enormously esteemed his assets, mostly in light of the fact that they were his(99). Mr. Pontellier treats Edna like a kid, directing and disparaging her,Send him about his business when he exhausts you,' trained her husband(45) while additionally reproving her he censured his better half with her absentmindedness, her ongoing disregard of the children(48). Simultaneously, he necessitates that she assume the job of his wife,Tuesday being Mrs. Pontellier's gathering day..attired in an attractive outfit, she stayed in the drawing-room the whole evening time accepting her visitors(100). Chopin additionally utilizes Pontellier to show that she imagines men as commanding, for instance, on page 77 and 78, when Ed na won't head inside, Mr. Pontellier joins her outside and holds up until she chooses to go in. Chopin additionally shows Pontellier taking out his outrage at Edna for going out on Tuesday evening, by griping about the cook(108). Next,Alcee Arobin symbo... ... certainty to me, maybe I may support you. I realize I would comprehend, and I let you know there are very few who might - relatively few, my dear(171), I don't need you to accuse yourself, whatever comes(172). Tragically, it is now to late, for when Edna returns and discovers Robert's note, her pain can not be contained. After she swims out , she thinks back and thinks maybe Doctor Mandelet would have comprehended in the event that she had seen him- - yet it was too late(176). Set forth plainly, Kate Chopin utilizes The Awakening to practice her perceptions of men in her general public. In the present, it is difficult to consider her to be as precise since society has changed extensively. Be that as it may, with respect to the time and setting of her story, Chopin's perspectives are very precise and reasonable, albeit unappealing to the men who read her book, which inevitably made her and The Awakening so disliked.    

Factors Affecting Academic Achievement in Children

Variables influencing scholastic accomplishment in youngsters By Aaron shen Nowadays individuals are concerneed about instruction such a great amount because of it has inescapable impact on scholarly accomplishment. Be that as it may, what is scholastic achievement? An ever increasing number of studies have been taken to show various thoughts regarding factors influencing scholastic accomplishment in . It’s clear that teachers’ collaborators are not, at this point a mainstream point. Instead,researhers found that the size of the class is a noticable factor.Of course,tradtional thoughts are still helpful to consture it, for example, educating method,teaching equipment,personal qualities,families, etc. Jeremy Finn of the State University of New York and Charles M. Achilles of Eastern Michiggan University discovered ‘an exhibit of advantages of little classes’in their survey. In their study,they reached a determination that understudies in the little classes p erformed better than the individuals who were in the bigger classes. Expanding information and study are demonstrating this thought. Because of all the studies,it’s simple to state why this happens.First,fewer understudies in the homeroom appear to convert into less clamor and troublesome conduct from students,which not just give the instructor more opportunity for class yet additionally more opportunity to draw in understudies imaginatively. Undoubtfully,this will help improve scholarly accomplishment. However,some new focuses are advanced contending that despite the fact that understudies can increase starting profit by little classes,the STAR information can't demonstrate that the additions persevere for quite a long time after an understudy has come back to an ordinary measured class. The case of Japan is average to affirm that training technique is a vital factor.It is notable that classes in Asia are large,but why Asian childen do so well in such classes contrasted with the little classes in American and oher created nations? The unbelievable is the route accroding to Catherinne lewis who is a specialist on the Japanese instructive framework and a senior scientist at Mills College. Such order isn't forced by fearsome instructors. Instead,students are respected to be picked to lead lessons,and they alternate to do it,experiencing firsthand what it resembles to quieten down a raucous gathering of students.As a result,teachers mange the class by this as opposed to rebuffing and fulfilling. What’s more,Japanese instructors invest more energy with their understudies which centainly help studennts to learn well both in study and fundamental abilities.. With everything taken into account there are heaps of components that will influence scholastic accomplishment. But what have been referenced above,families and knowledge are vital factors also. This eassy intends to study and attempts to clarify these angles.

Introduction to Data Management Platforms (DMP)

Introduction to Data Management Platforms (DMP) Technology has transformed the way companies use data. Today’s companies need more data to streamline their marketing campaigns and to target their products for the right audience. But it isn’t just about gathering information â€" companies also need to be able to use this information and integrate it to their service.New data platforms have emerged from these basic needs and one of the most popular one is the data management platform (DMP). DMPs have quickly transformed the way companies gather and use information. This has also led to the emergence of unique DMPs, with different functions to help provide benefits for companies. Picking the right platform from the crowd can be difficult, especially if you are unsure what the platform is all about.If you want to improve the way your business collects and gathers data, this introduction will help you understand what are the core functions of DMPs. You’ll also understand what are the benefits to using a DMP and how you can pick t he right platform for your business needs. © Shutterstock.com | Mathias RosenthalIn this article, we will discuss 1) what Data Management Platforms are, 2) the main features of good DMPs, 3) the benefits of using DMPs, and 4) how to start using a DMP.WHAT ARE DATA MANAGEMENT PLATFORMS (DMPs)?Although DMPs have been around for quite a while now, they are not very well known for companies, especially outside of the marketing industry. This is partly down to the difficulty in understanding what is unique about DMPs and the functions of using the platform.There are a few ways to define DMPs. The simple definition of DMP is that they are similar to platforms, which save and store data. DMP is special software that stores the data but also organizes it and presents the information in a manner that help users to make better decisions, especially in regards of marketing.In technical terms, the platform’s operations can be explained as the dispersion of information from different data sources and the resulting segmentation of this information. The information DMP uses often comes from the users’ online and offline data, such as sales records or site visitors. But it also uses third party data sources to ensure the information is the most accurate and useful for the user.The above definition might seem like DMPs are database systems, but they are different to a typical database. Although you could technically store all sorts of information in DMPs, it is mainly used to store data that helps in advertising strategies. In addition, the ability to analyze and present the information in segments is a core aspect of DMPs. Essentially DMPs are all about understanding customer information in a more analytic manner.Three main functionsIt is easier to understand the definition of DMPs by looking at its core functions. As you’ll see later in the guide, good DMPs are much more than just these three functions, but they will help understand the benefits and uses of DMPs.The three functions of DMPs include:Import data â €" DMP gathers information from the three sources mentioned above: online and offline data, as well as third party data. It imports all this information to the platform.Find segments â€" As the information is implemented, DMP starts to look for segments. These can be defined by the user according to their needs. Perhaps you’ll need to find audiences that are from a specific demographic and so on. You can also change and adjust these segments along the way.Send instructions â€" Finally, the platform will finally send instructions to help users utilize the above segments and data in marketing. It can fine-tune your marketing strategies in an efficient way.The above is just an overall look at the functions and each point is delved in deeper at the next section.What is the difference between DMP and DSP?You might have heard about demand-side platforms (DSP) and you might be confused whether DMP and DSP are essentially the same thing. There is a big difference in terms of use and funct ion.DSPs are platforms used for buying advertising, often based on the information provided by DMPs. Often information flows directly from a DMP to a DSP. While DMP will provide marketers a lot of useful information, the platform itself won’t allow putting this information into use.The difference between the two platforms is beginning to fade a bit. This is because many technology providers of DMPs also provide DSPs. This often provides users a single platform experience, which in some instances can be more convenient. THE MAIN FEATURES OF GOOD DMPsThe above three functions can be viewed in a more detailed manner as well. The below features give you a better and more detailed understanding of the benefits marketers and publishers will enjoy using DMPs.Data collectionData collection is naturally the core function of DMPs. It is essentially about the first core function: importing data. DMPs can collect and import data in a number of ways. Data collection is usually focused on impor ting data from the company’s marketing systems and platforms. This could be through e-commerce and customer platforms, e-mail, social media and other similar sources.Data collection also helps to match data to similar information. For example, DMP allows the recognition of customer IDs that then will be linked to information found during the data collection. Therefore, it makes it easier to match information to specific customers, even in cases of use of anonymous ID.Finally, data collection through DMP doesn’t take place at a specific time, but it is a continuous process. Therefore, you’ll continue to collect data as it becomes available. This guarantees the end-product is always up to date. Furthermore, you should find a DMP system, which allows you to import offline data as well. Not all data is necessarily online and, for example, if you want to include in-store behavior to your data, it is crucial to be able to implement offline data.Data classificationData classification falls under the second category of creating segments based on the data. This feature of DMP is all about providing enough information to define groups, which can then be used to improve marketing.These can be organized in clusters and segments of your choosing. DMPs allow you to define your own groups based on the needs of your business project and campaign.Data classification essentially allows you create audience profiles, which can be used later for marketing purposes.Data analysisThe segments can then be used for data analysis. You can utilize data analysis in different ways depending on your specific needs. Most common examples include using the data to estimate price for a new product and understanding the reach of your new marketing campaign.DMPs can also use the data to suggest new target markets. Including a huge amount of data to your analysis, the platform can find connections you might have missed. In fact, DMPs can teach you a lot about your customers.Often the data an alysis includes a certain level of report creation. Overall, the above information can be used directly for advertising and marketing purposes. This can be anything from direct advertising to website personalization and so on. You often also have options to deciding how the report lays out the data. This is especially helpful when you are looking to use the data in order to find new connections.Data transferLike data analysis, data transfer also falls under the third core function of sending instructions. The most used data transfer often includes the provision of access to data vendors. The data you gather through a DMP can often be used by other agencies and companies and many are willing to purchase this information.ScalabilityFinally, a good DMP will provide the user the option of scalability. A good platform makes it easy to tweak the data collection and data analysis according to your needs. This is especially important for growing businesses.Furthermore, the amount of data av ailable for companies is growing constantly and you don’t want to limit your business approach by leaving out certain data points. A DMP must be able to use all possible data points efficiently in an instant to guarantee your data provides the maximum benefits to your business.THE BENEFITS OF USING DMPsThe above dealt with the essence of DMPs and the aspects behind a good platform. While DMPs can be used by companies operating in different fields, they are most commonly used by agencies, publishers and marketers.Typically, these organizations benefit from the opportunity to control vast amount of data in order to make decisions. Businesses that are looking to streamline their business approach or find more growth opportunities would definitely benefit from the service.DMPs are also crucial for improving the way a company communicates with its audience. If there is a need to boost marketing campaigns or to ensure you reach the correct audience, then a DMP is beneficial. Essentially , DMPs can provide its users with better return on investment (ROI). This is down to it being able to focus the company’s efforts towards the sectors and segments, which provide the biggest returns for the business.As the above highlights, marketers and other such agencies have traditionally championed the use of DMPs. But these days’ publishers are also using the platform in order to gain better understanding of the readership. For example, the Wall Street Journal collects data this way, as it helps streamline the financial services ads.So, what are the benefits that drive marketers, publishers and agencies towards these platforms? The key benefits DMPs provide to users include:Making it easier to research audience and their preferences. The automatization of DMPs ensures you get access to the data and the recommendations quickly. More traditional data collection methods could in fact mean the information you draw from the data is incorrect. But DMPs can make all the three key functions almost instantaneously.Getting the relevant messages across in a convenient and efficient manner â€" improves communication. DMPs area also useful for their flexibility. The huge amounts of data can be used in a number of ways and the information can easily be engineered to fit different aspects of business operations.Data research becomes easier and efficient â€" DMPs offer an alternative to fragmented alternatives, which often focus on predetermined segments.Retargeting marketing campaigns is easier, which in turn can guarantee your business is talking to the right audience at all times. It removes part of the cost factor of retargeting, as you don’t need to re-launch a data collection and analysis process.DMPs scalability makes it possible to ensure your marketing efforts are up to date depending on the growth of your company and its needs. The more data points you are able to include to your platform the more accurate and usable your information is going to be.Improv ing of website optimisation â€" marketing campaigns such as search engine optimisation (SEO) become much more straightforward.The above mentioned benefits are the main advantages of using DMPs. Naturally the importance of each might depend on your own needs. Marketers might take advantage of different benefits to publishers and so on.HOW TO START USING DMPAfter you understand the benefits of DMPs to your business, then you need to find the right platform for you to use. Starting to use a DMP isn’t difficult, but you should do enough research beforehand to ensure you find the right product for your needs.There are certain security and ethical aspects you naturally need to keep in mind when looking into using a DMP. Furthermore, there are a number of platforms available â€" some more suited to certain needs â€" and research into different platforms is crucial to ensure make the most of the product.The following are the key steps you need to take and the essential factors you need to keep in mind when looking into DMPs.Identify your needsWhen you are starting your research into DMPs, keep your own data needs at the forefront. Identify the data that is most usable to your business and set out the goals you want to achieve with your DMP. This can help narrow down the platforms.It is important to note that implementation, especially during the initial phase, is not done overnight. The process can be time consuming, so it is crucial to have a good understanding of your goals and needs before the implementation can begin.Security and ethical aspects of using DMPsOne important aspect you need to keep in mind is security. DMPs collect vast amounts of data and you need to make sure the platform you choose pays enough attention to this aspect. You need to make sure the collection of data doesn’t breach any information laws in your region and you naturally need to make sure the data you gather remains safe and secure. You don’t want other companies gain access to you r data without your knowledge.As mentioned briefly above, the data collection done by DMP also raises ethical questions. You need to be clear about the kind of data you are collecting and how you inform your clients about the data collection, its storage, and its use. You need to ensure your DMP keeps consumer rights and preferences at the forefront.Open and private DMPThere are two main types of DMPs: open and private DMPs.Open DMPs â€" if you opt for open DMP, the access to the data is more open for third party agencies. This could mean that advertisers are directly operating the open platform for you. Data collected with open DMPs is often related to website information, demographic and audience data and other advertising related data.Private DMPs â€" private DMPs often are used together with open DMPs, but they can also be used as a standalone platform. These gather data, which only aggregates the proprietary of marketing data. This includes data such as information on client pu rchases and user profiles.Picking the right programFinally, with the above in mind you can start looking into the different DMPs in the market. The industry has developed fast in the past few years and there are a number of options available.Your choice of platform might be influenced whether you are looking to operate the platform yourself or have an agency do it for you. Whichever approach works for you, always ensure you look into a few alternatives before making the choice.There have been numerous studies into the best DMPs in the market. The below programmes are not only the most common on the market, but were also chosen by the Forrester Wave report as some of the best in business.Adobe AudienceManagerX+1Blue KaiAggregate KnowledgeCoreAudienceKnoticenParioThe list is not comprehensive and you could look at other platforms as part of your research. But the above products are great for new users and provide many of the benefits and core function mentioned in this guide.CONCLUSIO NThe above shows that DMPs have become an integral part of company operations. The benefits of a proper DMP platform can transform your business’ approach and help it not only grow but also to improve its services and products. DMPs are quite simply the embodiment of the big data approach to business and marketing.DMPs have grown in importance in the past few years, as the importance of data has become more evident for a company survival. By understanding the benefits and the core functions of the platform, you can find the right approach to using a DMP as part of your marketing and publishing strategy.

Understanding Behavior And Family Dynamics - 1078 Words

Week 2 Assignment: Communication Tia Durkin ECE355: Understanding Behavior Family Dynamics Professor Jeremiah 15 January, 2016 Communication is the cornerstone of any relationship, but between parent and child it is both unique and special. It is forged and developed through love and a special bond that can only be understood by them. It begins before a child is even born, and continues through their life. Communication is how we make our thoughts, feelings, needs, and thoughts known. As babies, children convey this through cries and sounds; and is often best known by their parents who seem to know which cry and sound mean different things. It is imperative that this strong level of communication is fostered in a positive way, throughout their childhood. Having the ability to communicate effectively with our children is not only beneficial for them, but the entire family dynamic. A good majority of parents want what is best for their children, when communication is positive and reciprocal then it is reasonable to say that the relationship matches. This is why when parents are uninvolved or neglectful, we beh avioral issues and a strong lack of respect from the child. In authoritative home, parents are still in charge, but they have a sense of mutual respect between them and their children. The proof is in the outcomes in these homes. Children have a tendency to be happier, respectful of others, better in school, and have a greater ability to form meaningfulShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Charlie s Behavior : Family Dynamics And Communication Essay1989 Words   |  8 Pages The major social factors to consider for understanding Charlie’s behavior are family dynamics and communication. When Charlie was placed in his aunt’s home due to his mother’s health condition, his communication and interaction with his mother and family became limited and inconsistent. He did not have access to his stepfather because he was caring for the newborn nor to his mother because she was busy with her frequent appointments with her psychiatrist and therapist as well as with her medicationRead MoreReaction Paper To Healing The Wounds Of Sexual Addiction1638 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Dr. Laaser (2004) provides a detailed look into sexual addiction from a Christian viewpoint in Healing Wounds of Sexual Addiction. The focus of this assignment will be to gain knowledge of what sexual addiction is, how family dynamics are affected, treatment of sexual addiction, and lastly addressing sexual addiction in the church. Exploring the different areas of how sexual addiction and how it can affect the life of the addicted individual will be assessed. 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Method: The methodology of the study was a correlational research study. The participants

Literary Masterpieces in Contemporary Society Essay

Literary Masterpieces in Contemporary Society April Clark, Kristi Garcia, Deatrice Dale, Darlene Powell ENG/106 December 3, 2012 Daphne Matthews Literary Masterpieces in Contemporary Society Literary masterpieces are known to withstand the test of time. The passing of years, government movements, and the changing of ideas as the world grows older literary masterpieces still strive on. Literary masterpieces come in all forms; semantics, poetry (literary form), Short stories, and literature (Translations). Literary Masterpieces need an indivisible translation; even then they are still hard to understand. â€Å"Their sheer integrity and value should be protected from any unnecessarychanges in their shape and meaning†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"To disguise nothing, to conceal nothing, to write about those things that are closest to our pain, our happiness; to write†¦ about the foolish agonies of anxiety, the refreshment of our painful search for self†¦ to write about the continents and populations of our dreams, about love and death, good and evil, the end of the world† (Yahnke, 1993, p.32). Although Contemporary Literature possesses certai n qualities, that gives the reader an understanding of the author and his written work. Of course so much of what is written during this period takes took notice and lead from the periods which came before; as in the Ancient period with â€Å"Genesis:† which is a mythical story of how the earth was created â€Å"Ancient writers looked to the past to understand their future† (Damrosch, 2008, p.1). The Genesis story has lasted through the test of time. Each period that came after on served to add something new to what has already existed from the periods before. So much was written during various periods in literature that stemmed from a belief in a higher power, such as â€Å"Confessions† by Augustine where character has a strong belief in God; so much that he confesses to God of the things he feels needs to be forgiven for. 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Eliot instigated modernist views in literature and a new taste or method of communicationRead MoreThe Impact Of Literature On Literat ure And The Social View Of Poetry1391 Words   |  6 Pagesup to become one of the most influential poets of all time, as he found a unique way of communicating through literature. Sometimes referred to as the â€Å"keeper of the language† or the â€Å"model poet of our time† Eliot presented powerful criticisms of society, while brilliantly presenting his ideas through essays and poems (Poetry Foundation). Vastly impacting modern literature and the social view of poetry, T.S. Eliot instigated modernist views in literature and a new taste or method of communication

Last Sacrifice Chapter Fourteen Free Essays

string(111) " arranged like the Council chamber, with a long table on one side of the room that was set with twelve chairs\." THE KEEPERS HAD MIXED REACTIONS to us leaving. They were usually glad to see outsiders go, especially since we had Sydney with us. But after the fight, they held me up as some kind of superhero and were enchanted by the idea of me marrying into their â€Å"family. We will write a custom essay sample on Last Sacrifice Chapter Fourteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now ’ Seeing me in action meant some of the women were beginning to eye Dimitri now too. I wasn’t in the mood to watch them flirt with him–especially since, according to their courtship rules, I would apparently have to be the one to battle it out with any prospective fiancee. Naturally, we didn’t tell the Keepers our exact plans, but we did mention we’d likely be encountering Strigoi–which caused quite a reaction. Most of that reaction was excitement and awe, which continued to boost our reputations as fierce warriors. Angeline’s response, however, was totally unexpected. â€Å"Take me with you,’ she said, grabbing a hold of my arm, just as I started down the forest path toward the car. â€Å"Sorry,’ I said, still a little weirded out after her earlier hostility. â€Å"We have to do this alone.’ â€Å"I can help! You beat me †¦ but you saw what I can do. I’m good. I could take a Strigoi.’ For all her fierceness, I knew Angeline didn’t have a clue about what she’d be facing if she ever met an actual Strigoi. The few Keepers who bore molnijamarks spoke little about the encounters, faces grave. They understood. Angeline didn’t. She also didn’t realize that any novice at St. Vladimir’s in the secondary school could probably take her out. She had raw potential, true, but it needed a lot of work. â€Å"You might be able to,’ I said, not wanting to hurt her feelings. â€Å"But it’s just not possible for you to come with us.’ I would have lied and given her a vague â€Å"Maybe sometime,’ but since that had led Joshua to thinking we were semi-engaged, I decided I’d better not. I expected more boasts about her battle prowess. We’d learned she was regarded as one of the best young fighters in the compound, and with her pretty looks, she had plenty of admirers too. A lot of it had gone to her head, and she liked to talk about how she could beat anyone or anything up. Again, I was reminded of Jill. Jill also had a lot to learn about the true meaning of battle but was still eager to jump in. She was quieter and more cautious than Angeline, though, so Angeline’s next direction caught me off guard. â€Å"Please. It’s not just the Strigoi! I want to see the world. I need to see something else outside of this place!’ Her voice was pitched low, out of the range of the others. â€Å"I’ve only been to Rubysville twice, and they say that’s nothing compared to other cities.’ â€Å"It’s not,’ I agreed. I didn’t even consider it a city. â€Å"Please,’ she begged again, this time her voice trembling. â€Å"Take me with you.’ Suddenly, I felt sad for her. Her brother had also shown a little longing for the outside world, but nothing like this. He’d joked that electricity would be nice, but I knew he was happy enough without the perks of the modern world. But for Angeline, the situation was much more desperate. I too knew what it was like to feel trapped in one’s life and was legitimately sorry for what I had to say. â€Å"I can’t, Angeline. We have to go on our own. I’m sorry. I really am.’ Her blue eyes shimmered, and she raced off into the woods before I could see her cry. I felt horrible after that and couldn’t stop thinking about her as we made our farewells. I was so distracted, I even let Joshua hug me goodbye. Getting back on the road was a relief. I was glad to be away from the Keepers and was ready to spring into action and start helping Lissa. Lexington was our first step. We had a six-hour drive ahead of us, and Sydney, per usual, seemed adamant that no one else was going to drive her car. Dimitri and I made futile protests, finally giving up when we realized that if we were going to be facing Strigoi soon, it was probably best we rest and conserve our strength. The address for Donovan–the Strigoi who allegedly knew Sonya–was only where he could be found at night. That meant we had to make it to Lexington before sunrise, so we wouldn’t lose him when he went to his daytime lair. It also meant we’d be meeting Strigoi in the dark. Certain that little would happen on the drive–especially once we were out of West Virginia–Dimitri and I agreed we could doze a little, seeing as neither of us had had a full night’s sleep. Even though the lulling of the car was soothing, I drifted in and out of restless sleep. After a few hours of this, I simply settled into the trancelike state that brought me to Lissa. It was a good thing too: I’d stumbled into one of the biggest events facing the Moroi. The nomination process to elect the new king or queen was about to begin. It was the first of many steps, and everyone was excited, given how rare monarch elections truly were. This was an event none of my friends had expected to see anytime soon in our lives, and considering recent events †¦ well, we all had especial interest. The future of the Moroi was at stake here. Lissa was sitting on the edge of a chair in one of the royal ballrooms, a huge sweeping space with vaulted ceilings and gold detailing everywhere. I’d been in this dazzling room before, with its murals and elaborate molding. Chandeliers glittered above. It had held the graduate luncheon, where newly made guardians put on their best faces and hoped to attract a good assignment. Now, the room was arranged like the Council chamber, with a long table on one side of the room that was set with twelve chairs. You read "Last Sacrifice Chapter Fourteen" in category "Essay examples" Opposite that table were rows and rows of other chairs–where the audience sat when the Council was in session. Except, now there were about four times as many chairs as usual, which probably explained the need for this room. Every single chair was filled. In fact, people were even standing, crowding in as best they could. Agitated- looking guardians moved among the herd, keeping them out of doorways a nd making sure the bystanders were arranged in a way that allowed for optimal security. Christian sat on one side of Lissa, and Adrian sat beside Christian. To my pleasant surprise, Eddie and Mia sat nearby too. Mia was a Moroi friend of ours who had gone to St. Vladimir’s and was nearly as hardcore as Tasha about Moroi needing to defend themselves. My beloved father was nowhere in sight. None of them spoke. Conversation would have been difficult among the buzzing and humming of so many people, and besides, my friends were too awestruck by what was about to happen. There was so much to see and experience, and none of them had realized just how big the crowd would be. Abe had said things would move fast once Tatiana was buried, and they certainly had. â€Å"Do you know who I am?’ A loud voice caught Lissa’s attention, just barely carrying above the din. Lissa glanced down the row, a few seats away from Adrian. Two Moroi, a man and a woman, sat side by side and were looking up at a very angry woman. Her hands were on her hips, and the pink velvet dress she wore seemed outlandish next to the couple’s jeans and T-shirts. It also wasn’t going to hold up so well once she stepped outside of air conditioning. A glare twisted her face. â€Å"I am Marcella Badica.’ When that didn’t get a reaction from the couple, she added, â€Å"Prince Badica is my brother, and our late queen was my third cousin twice removed. There are no seats left, and someone like me cannot stand against the wall with the rest of that mob.’ The couple exchanged glances. â€Å"I guess you should have gotten here earlier, Lady Badica,’ said the man. Marcella gaped in outrage. â€Å"Didn’t you just hear who I am? Don’t you know who your betters are? I insist you give up your seats.’ The couple still seemed unfazed. â€Å"This session is open to everyone, and there weren’t assigned seats, last time I checked,’ said the woman. â€Å"We’re entitled to ours as much as you are.’ Marcella turned to the guardian beside her in outrage. He shrugged. His job was to protect her from threats. He wasn’t going to oust others from their chairs, particularly when they weren’t breaking any rules. Marcella gave a haughty â€Å"humph!’ before turning sharply and stalking away, no doubt to harass some other poor soul. â€Å"This,’ said Adrian, â€Å"is going to be delightful.’ Lissa smiled and turned back to studying the rest of the room. As she did, I became aware of something startling. I couldn’t tell exactly who was who, but the crowd wasn’t composed entirely of royals–as most Council sessions were. There were tons of â€Å"commoners,’ just like the couple sitting near my friends. Most Moroi didn’t bother with Court. They were out in the world, living their lives and trying to survive while the royals pranced around at Court and made laws. But not today. A new leader was going to be chosen, and that was of interest to all Moroi. The milling and chaos continued for a while until one of the guardians finally declared the room to be at capacity. Those outside were outraged, but their cries were quickly silenced when the guardians closed the doors, sealing off the ballroom. Shortly thereafter, the eleven Council members took their seats, and–to my shock–Adrian’s father, Nathan Ivashkov, took the twelfth chair. The Court’s herald yelled and called everyone to attention. He was someone who’d been chosen because of his remarkable voice, though I always wondered why they didn’t just use a microphone in these situations. More old-world traditions, I supposed. That, and excellent acoustics. Nathan spoke once the room settled down. â€Å"In the absence of our beloved queen †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He paused looking down mournfully to offer a moment of respect before continuing. In anyone else, I might have suspected his feelings were faked, particularly after seeing him grovel so much in front of Tatiana. But, no. Nathan had loved his prickly aunt as much as Adrian had. â€Å"And in the wake of this terrible tragedy, I will be moderating the upcoming trials and elections.’ â€Å"What’d I tell you?’ muttered Adrian. He had no fuzzy affection for his father. â€Å"De- lightful.’ Nathan droned on a bit about the importance of what was to come and some other points about Moroi tradition. It was obvious, though, that like me, everyone in the room really wanted to get down to the main event: the nominations. He seemed to realize that too and sped up the formalities. Finally, he got to the good stuff. â€Å"Each family, if they choose, may have one nominee for the crown who will take the tests all monarchs have endured since the beginning of time.’ I thought that â€Å"beginning of time’ part was a bold and probably unverified exaggeration, but whatever. â€Å"The only exclusion is the Ivashkovs, since back-to-back monarchs from the same family aren’t allowed. For candidacy, three nominations are required from Moroi of royal blood and proper age.’ He then added some stuff about what happened in the event more than one person was nominated from the same family, but even I knew the chances of that happening were non-existent. Each royal house wanted to get the best advantage here, and that would involve a unified standing behind one candidate. Satisfied everyone understood, Nathan nodded and gestured grandly to the audience. â€Å"Let the nominations begin.’ For a moment, nothing happened. It kind of reminded me of when I’d been back in school, when a teacher would say something like, â€Å"Who’d like to present their paper first?’ Everyone kind of waited for someone else to get things going, and at last, it happened. A man I didn’t recognize stood up. â€Å"I nominate Princess Ariana Szelsky.’ Ariana, as princess, sat on the Council and was an expected choice. She gave a gracious nod to the man. A second man, presumably from their family, also stood and gave the second nomination. The third and final nomination came from another Szelsky–a very unexpected one. He was Ariana’s brother, a world traveler who was almost never at Court, and also the man my mother guarded. Janine Hathaway was most likely in this room, I realized. I wished Lissa would look around and find her, but Lissa was too focused on the proceedings. After everything I’d been through, I suddenly had a desperate longing to see my mother. With three nominations, Nathan declared, â€Å"Princess Ariana Szelsky is entered as a candidate.’ He scrawled something on a piece of paper in front of him, his motions full of flourish. â€Å"Continue.’ After that, the nominations came in rapid succession. Many were princes and princesses, but others were respected–and still high-ranking–members of the families. The Ozera candidate, Ronald, was not the family’s Council member, nor was he anyone I knew. â€Å"He’s not one of Aunt Tasha’s â€Å"ideal’ candidates,’ Christian murmured to Lissa. â€Å"But she admits he’s not a moron.’ I didn’t know much about most of the other candidates either. A couple, like Ariana Szelsky, I had a good impression of. There were also a couple I’d always found appalling. The tenth candidate was Rufus Tarus, Daniella’s cousin. She’d married into the Ivashkovs from the Tarus family and seemed delighted to see her cousin declared a nominee. â€Å"I don’t like him,’ said Adrian, making a face. â€Å"He’s always telling me to do something useful with my life.’ Nathan wrote down Rufus’s name and then rolled up the paper like a scroll. Despite the appearance of antique customs, I suspected a secretary in the audience was typing up everything being said here on a laptop. â€Å"Well,’ declared Nathan, â€Å"that concludes–‘ â€Å"I nominate Princess Vasilisa Dragomir.’ Lissa’s head jerked to the left, and through her eyes, I recognized a familiar figure. Tasha Ozera. She’d stood and spoken the words loudly and confidently, glancing around with those ice-blue eyes as if daring anyone to disagree. The room froze. No whispers, no shifting in chairs. Just utter and complete silence. Judging from the faces, the Ozera family’s nominee was the second-most astonished person in the room to hear Tasha speak. The first, of course, was Lissa herself. It took a moment for Nathan to get his mouth working. â€Å"That’s not–‘ Beside Lissa, Christian suddenly stood up. â€Å"I second the nomination.’ And before Christian had even sat down, Adrian was on his feet. â€Å"I confirm the nomination.’ All eyes in the room were on Lissa and her friends, and then, as one, the crowd turned toward Nathan Ivashkov. Again, he seemed to have trouble finding his voice. â€Å"That,’ he managed at last, â€Å"is not a legal nomination. Due to its current Council standing, the Dragomir line is regrettably not eligible to present a candidate.’ Tasha, never afraid of talking in a crowd or taking on impossible odds, leapt back up. I could tell she was eager to. She was good at making speeches and challenging the system. â€Å"Monarch nominees don’t need a Council position or quorum to run for the throne.’ â€Å"That makes no sense,’ said Nathan. There were mutters of agreement. â€Å"Check the law books, Nate–I mean, Lord Ivashkov.’ Yes, there he was at last. My tactful father had joined the conversation. Abe had been leaning against a wall near the doorway, dressed splendidly in a black suit with a shirt and tie that were exactly the same shade of emerald green. My mother stood beside him, the slightest hint of a smile on her face. For a moment, I was captivated as I studied them side by side. My mother: the perfect picture of guardian excellence and decorum. My father: always capable of achieving his goals, no matter how twisted the means. Uneasily, I began to understand how I’d inherited my bizarre personality. â€Å"Nominees have no requirements concerning how many people are in their family,’ continued Abe jovially. â€Å"They only need three royal nominations to be confirmed.’ Nathan gestured angrily toward where his own wayward son and Christian sat. â€Å"They aren’t from her family!’ â€Å"They don’t need to be,’ countered Abe. â€Å"They just need to be from a royal family. They are. Her candidacy is within the law–so long as the princess accepts.’ All heads swiveled toward Lissa now, as though they were suddenly just noticing her. Lissa hadn’t twitched since the startling events began. She was in too much shock. Her thoughts seemed to move both fast and slow. Part of her couldn’t even start to process what was happening around her. The rest of her mind was spinning with questions. What was going on? Was this a joke? Or maybe a spirit-induced hallucination? Had she finally gone crazy? Was she dreaming? Was it a trick? If so, why would her own friends have been the ones to do it? Why would they do this to her? And for the love of God, would everyone stop staring at her? She could handle attention. She’d been born and raised for it, and like Tasha, Lissa could address a crowd and make bold statements–when she supported them and was prepared. Neither of those things applied to this situation. This was pretty much the last thing in the world she had expected or wanted. And so, she couldn’t bring herself to react or even consider a response. She stayed where she was, silent and shell- shocked. Then, something snapped her from her trance. Christian’s hand. He’d taken Lissa’s, wrapping his fingers with hers. He gave her a gentle squeeze, and the warmth and energy he sent brought her back to life. Slowly, she looked around the room, meeting the eyes of those all watching her. She saw Tasha’s determined gaze, my father’s cunning look, and even my mother’s expectation. That last one proved most startling of all. How could Janine Hathaway–who always did what was right and could barely crack a joke–be going along with this? How could any of Lissa’s friends be going along with this? Didn’t they love and care about her? Rose, she thought. I wish you were here to tell me what to do. Me too. Damned one-way bond. She trusted me more than anyone else in the world, but she realized then that she trusted all of these friends too–well, except maybe Abe, but that was understandable. And if they were doing this, then surely–surely–there was a reason, right? Right? It made no sense to her, yet Lissa felt her legs move as she rose to her feet. And despite the fear and confusion still running through her, she found her voice inexplicably clear and confident as it rang out through the room. â€Å"I accept the nomination.’ How to cite Last Sacrifice Chapter Fourteen, Essay examples

Speech Perception Essays - Phonetics, Speech Perception,

Speech Perception Speech perception is the ability to comprehend speech through listening. Mankind is constantly being bombarded by acoustical energy. The challenge to humanity is to translate this energy into meaningful data. Speech perception is not dependent on the extraction of simple invariant acoustic patterns in the speech waveform. The sounds acoustic pattern is complex and greatly varies. It is dependent upon the preceding and following sounds (Moore, 1997). According to Fant (1973), speech perception is a process consisting of both successive and concurrent identification on a series of progressively more abstract levels of linguistic structure. Nature of Speech Sounds Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound. In any given language words are formed by combining these phonemes. English has approximately 40 different phonemes that are defined in terms of what is perceived, rather than in terms of acoustic patterns. Phonemes are abstract, subjective entities that are often specified in terms of how they are produced. Alone they have no meaning, but in combination they form words (Moore, 1997). In speech there are vowels and consonants. Consonants are produced by constricting the vocal tract at some point along its length. These sounds are classified into different types according to the degree and nature of the constriction. The types are stops, affricates, fricatives, nasals, and approximants. Vowels are usually voiced and are relatively stable over time Moore, 1997). Categorical Perception Categorical perception implies definite identification of the stimuli. The main point in this area is that the listener can only correctly distinguish speech sounds to the extent that they are identified as different phonemes. Small changes to the acoustical signal may make little difference to the way the sound is perceived, yet other changes which are equally as small may produce a distinct change, altering the phoneme identity. People do not hear changes within one phoneme category. Only changes from one phoneme to another phoneme are detected (Lobacz, 1984). Although categorical perception generally is considered to reflect the operation of a special speech decoder, there is a strong indication that categorical perception can also occur in non-speech signals. Musicians are a good example of this. The discrimination performance of musicians was better for frequency changes that revised the identity of the chord than for changes that did not alter the identity (Moore, 1997). Categorical perception is not unique to speech, however it appears more frequently with speech than with non-speech signals. There are three possible explanations for categorical perception. The first explanation suggests that consonants and vowels may be explained in terms of differences in the extent to which the acoustic patterns can be retained in auditory memory. Consonant sounds have a lower intensity than vowels, fluctuate more rapidly, and last for a shorter time than vowels. Therefore, the acoustic patterns of consonants frequently decay rapidly. Another explanation is that boundaries, which separate one speech sound from another, tend to lie at a point where discrimination is optimal. The last explanation is that it comes from experience with a persons own language. In this explanation it is believed that a person learns to attend to acoustic differences that affect the meaning of a word and ignore the differences that do not affect the meaning. The natural consequence of this is categorical perception (Moore, 1997). Brain Specialization Language functions are unilaterally represented in one of the two hemispheres. It is most commonly found in the left hemisphere. Therefore, the right ear will identify speech stimuli better than the left ear. This occurs because the neural pathways cross from the ear to the brain (Studdert-Kennedy and Shankweiler, 1970). Interestingly, the left ear will detect melodies better than the right ear. Speech is more readily decoded in the left hemisphere than in the right cerebral hemisphere. This is evident in people with brain lesions. The left hemisphere plays a primary role in speech perception (Moore, 1997). Speech Mode Speech mode is the perception of the restructured phonemes. If phonemes are encoded syllabically, they must be recovered in perception by a suitable decoder. Liberman (1996) stated that perception of phonemes that have been encoded may be expected to differ from the perception of the phonemes that have not been encoded and from non-speech. For example, the transition cues for /d/ in /di/ and /du/ sound like whistles when